Nouns and Plurals
You can make regular and common irregular plurals and use this/that/these/those.
Start the 8-question quizAdapts to your answers · every miss links back to the rule
Rule in 60 secondsThe one pattern to memorise.
- Kural 1: Çoğul genelde +s: book→books. -s/-sh/-ch/-x/-o sonrası +es: box→boxes.
- Kural 2: Sessiz + y → ies: baby→babies (ama boy→boys, sesli + y değişmez).
- Kural 3: Düzensizleri ezberle: man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet.
- Kural 4: Yakın: this/these, uzak: that/those. This/that + tekil, these/those + çoğul.
- Kural 5: Sayılamayan isimlerin çoğulu yok: water, milk, money, information, bread.
- Kural 6: Sayılamayanla some / a lot of / much kullanılır, many ve sayı kullanılmaz.
- Kural 7: Tekil/çoğul fiil uyumu: This book is... / These books are...
- Kural 8: people zaten çoğul sayılır:
People are waiting.(is olmaz.)
- Kural 9: Sayı + çoğul isim:
three books,ten students— isim hep çoğul.
- Kural 10: a/an + tekil:
a child,an apple— çoğulla a/an olmaz.
- Kural 11: Vücut parçaları çoğul sayılır: hands, eyes, teeth.
- Kural 12: Kıyafet parçaları hep çoğul: trousers, jeans, glasses, shoes.
FormsHow it looks in sentences.
| Form | Rule | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| +s | most nouns | car→cars, girl→girls, pen→pens |
| +es | -s/-ss/-sh/-ch/-x/-o | bus→buses, watch→watches, tomato→tomatoes |
| y→ies | consonant + y | baby→babies, city→cities (boy→boys!) |
| f/fe→ves | common words | knife→knives, wife→wives, leaf→leaves |
| irregular | memorize | man→men, woman→women, child→children |
| irregular | memorize | foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice |
| same form | no change | one sheep→two sheep, one fish→two fish |
| demonstrative near | this + singular / these + plural | this book / these books |
| demonstrative far | that + singular / those + plural | that car / those cars |
| uncountable | no plural, use some/much | Ø water, Ø money, some bread |
- Not 1: people zaten çoğuldur (person→people), persons resmi dilde nadir.
- Not 2: hair İngilizcede sayılamaz:
My hair is long.(hairs deme).
3 classic trapsWhere Turkish speakers slip.
Bu bölümdeki 3 tuzağa tek bakışta dikkat et.
- childs yok: en sık ezber hatası — ✗ two childs → ✓ two children; ✗ three mans → ✓ three men — Düzensiz listeyi kartlarla ezberle, kural arama.
- this + çoğul olmaz: sayı uyumu şart — ✗ this books → ✓ these books; ✗ that cars → ✓ those cars — Fiil de uyar: These books are mine.
- Sayılamayanlara -s yok: informations diye bir kelime yok — ✗ two informations → ✓ two pieces of information / some information; ✗ three breads → ✓ three loaves of bread / some bread — money da sayılamaz: much money, five liras (para birimi sayılır).
10 example sentencesRead aloud, twice.
Her cümleyi sesli oku, önce İngilizceyi sonra Türkçesini söyle.
- I have two books. — İki kitabım var.
- The children are playing outside. — Çocuklar dışarıda oynuyor.
- Brush your teeth twice a day. — Dişlerini günde iki kez fırçala.
- These shoes are new. — Bu ayakkabılar yeni.
- Those houses are very old. — Şu evler çok eski.
- This is my bag. — Bu benim çantam.
- That is his car. — Şu onun arabası.
- There are three men at the door. — Kapıda üç adam var.
- The babies are sleeping. — Bebekler uyuyor.
- I need some water, not two waters. — Biraz suya ihtiyacım var.
Quick checkCover the answers, say yours first.
- Plural of "city" and "boy"?
Answer
<b>cities</b> (sessiz + y → ies), <b>boys</b> (sesli + y değişmez).
- Choose: ___ (This / These) apples are red.
Answer
<b>These</b> apples are red. (çoğul → these + are)
- Correct: She has three childs.
Answer
She has three <b>children</b>.